Official 2021 Pocono Race Results & Standings


Official 2021 Pocono Race Results & Standings

The outcomes of the NASCAR Cup Sequence races held at Pocono Raceway in 2021 supply a snapshot of aggressive dynamics throughout that season. These outcomes embody ending positions, qualifying occasions, stage factors, and different related knowledge that paint an image of particular person driver efficiency and total workforce methods. As an example, understanding which drivers excelled at this particular monitor reveals their adaptation to its distinctive triangular format and probably broader tendencies of their racing kind.

Inspecting this knowledge offers worthwhile insights for numerous stakeholders. Groups can analyze previous efficiency to refine present methods, drivers can determine areas for enchancment at Pocono, and followers achieve a deeper appreciation of the game’s aggressive panorama. Moreover, these outcomes contribute to the historic file of NASCAR, documenting a particular level within the sport’s evolution and the efficiency of people and groups inside it. This knowledge permits for comparisons throughout seasons, highlighting developments in automotive know-how, evolving workforce ways, and the lasting impression of particular guidelines packages.

This info serves as a basis for additional exploration of assorted associated matters, together with an in-depth evaluation of particular driver performances, the impression of tire methods, the affect of climate circumstances on the races, and the general championship implications. Additional investigation can even contextualize these outcomes inside the broader narrative of the 2021 NASCAR season.

1. Race Winners

Figuring out the race winners at Pocono Raceway in 2021 offers an important place to begin for understanding the general race outcomes. These victories symbolize peak efficiency beneath particular monitor circumstances and in opposition to the sphere of opponents. Analyzing the components contributing to those wins affords worthwhile insights into the broader context of the 2021 NASCAR season.

  • Profitable Drivers

    In 2021, Alex Bowman received the primary Pocono race, whereas Kyle Busch emerged victorious within the second. These drivers executed profitable methods, navigating the monitor’s distinctive challenges and outperforming their rivals. Their wins mirror not solely particular person talent but in addition the effectiveness of their respective groups’ preparation and in-race changes.

  • Influence on Championship Standings

    These victories immediately impacted the 2021 NASCAR Cup Sequence championship standings, awarding essential factors to each Bowman and Busch. Analyzing their level accumulation relative to different championship contenders illuminates the importance of Pocono’s races inside the bigger championship narrative.

  • Strategic Significance

    The methods employed by the profitable drivers, together with pit cease timing, tire administration, and gasoline conservation, present worthwhile insights into profitable approaches at Pocono. Evaluating these methods to these of different opponents reveals the tactical nuances that contributed to victory.

  • Contextual Components

    The climate circumstances, notably the rain-shortened nature of the primary race, considerably influenced the outcomes. Understanding how these exterior components performed a task in shaping the races provides a layer of complexity to the evaluation of the winners’ achievements.

Inspecting the race winners at Pocono in 2021, contemplating the strategic components, championship implications, and contextual components, offers a sturdy understanding of those occasions and their place inside the 2021 NASCAR season. Additional evaluation can examine these outcomes to earlier years’ outcomes at Pocono, revealing potential tendencies in driver efficiency and workforce methods at this particular monitor.

2. Ending Positions

Ending positions symbolize a basic element of the 2021 Pocono race outcomes. They supply a quantifiable measure of efficiency, reflecting a driver’s talent, workforce technique, and the affect of exterior components equivalent to climate and monitor circumstances. The ultimate ending order immediately determines the allocation of championship factors, influencing the general trajectory of the 2021 NASCAR Cup Sequence season. As an example, a driver ending within the prime 5 accumulates considerably extra factors than a driver ending exterior the highest ten. This level differential impacts a driver’s rating within the championship standings and their prospects for playoff competition.

Analyzing ending positions at Pocono in 2021 requires contemplating the context of every race. Within the first race, shortened by rain, Alex Bowman’s lead when the race was referred to as secured his victory and maximized his level achieve. Drivers additional down the sphere, nonetheless, had fewer alternatives to enhance their positions, highlighting how exterior components can considerably impression last outcomes. The second race, working its full distance, supplied a special context. Kyle Busch’s victory, achieved via a mixture of velocity and technique, contrasted with different drivers’ performances, reflecting various ranges of adaptation to the monitor and race circumstances. Evaluating ending positions throughout each Pocono races permits for evaluation of driver consistency and the effectiveness of workforce changes between races.

Understanding the importance of ending positions affords worthwhile insights into the aggressive dynamics of the 2021 NASCAR season. These outcomes contribute to a complete understanding of driver efficiency, workforce methods, and the affect of exterior components. Additional evaluation may examine how ending positions at Pocono correlate with total season efficiency, probably revealing track-specific strengths and weaknesses amongst drivers and groups.

3. Qualifying Speeds

Qualifying speeds at Pocono Raceway in 2021 performed an important position in shaping the eventual race outcomes. A robust qualifying efficiency, translating to a positive beginning place, provided distinct benefits. Drivers beginning nearer to the entrance minimized their publicity to early-race incidents and benefited from cleaner air, maximizing downforce and optimizing gasoline consumption. Conversely, decrease qualifying speeds relegated drivers to the again of the sphere, rising their danger of entanglement in accidents and forcing them to navigate via visitors, probably compromising tire life and gasoline technique. This beginning place drawback usually necessitated extra aggressive driving to realize positions, additional impacting tire put on and rising the prospect of errors.

The impression of qualifying speeds is obvious when analyzing the 2021 Pocono race outcomes. Whereas the rain-shortened nature of the primary race skewed the outcomes considerably, the second race, working its full distance, showcased a clearer correlation between beginning place and ending place. Drivers who certified within the prime ten constantly demonstrated the next likelihood of ending close to the entrance. As an example, Kyle Busch, ranging from the third place within the second race, in the end secured the win. This end result underscores the strategic benefit of a robust qualifying efficiency at Pocono, notably on longer runs the place monitor place turns into more and more crucial. Conversely, drivers beginning additional again confronted better challenges in advancing via the sphere, impacting their last outcomes.

Understanding the affect of qualifying speeds offers worthwhile context for deciphering the 2021 Pocono race outcomes. Whereas components like in-race technique, pit stops, and unexpected incidents additionally contribute considerably to the ultimate end result, qualifying efficiency lays the muse for a driver’s race day. Analyzing these qualifying speeds alongside different race knowledge factors permits for a extra complete evaluation of driver talent, workforce preparation, and the general dynamics of competitors throughout the 2021 NASCAR season at Pocono Raceway. This understanding highlights the significance of qualifying as a definite component inside the broader narrative of race weekends and its substantial impression on total outcomes.

4. Stage factors earned

Stage factors earned symbolize a crucial element of the 2021 Pocono race outcomes, considerably influencing the general championship standings and shaping race methods. Accumulating stage factors offers a tangible reward for constant efficiency all through the race, incentivizing drivers to race aggressively not just for the win but in addition for sturdy finishes inside every stage. These factors accumulate all through the season, impacting playoff eligibility and seeding. Within the context of the 2021 Pocono races, stage factors performed a key position in figuring out the ultimate end result of each occasions. Drivers who constantly earned stage factors gained a bonus within the total level totals, even when they didn’t in the end win the race. For instance, a driver ending second in Stage 1 and Stage 2, then fifth total, may probably accumulate extra factors than a driver profitable the race however ending poorly within the levels. This dynamic highlights the strategic significance of stage factors and their impression on the broader championship narrative.

Inspecting the connection between stage factors and the 2021 Pocono race outcomes requires analyzing particular person driver efficiency throughout all levels. A driver constantly ending close to the entrance in every stage possible collected a considerable variety of stage factors, bolstering their total level whole and probably offsetting a decrease ending place within the last race outcomes. Conversely, a driver performing poorly within the levels however profitable the race would possibly discover themselves with fewer total factors than a competitor who constantly scored stage factors. This state of affairs underscores the strategic complexity launched by the stage racing format and its affect on driver conduct and workforce selections. Analyzing the stage factors earned at Pocono in 2021 permits for a deeper understanding of how particular person drivers and groups approached the races, balancing the pursuit of stage factors with the last word aim of profitable.

Understanding the importance of stage factors earned offers essential context for deciphering the 2021 Pocono race outcomes and their impression on the general NASCAR Cup Sequence championship. Stage factors symbolize extra than simply an middleman reward; they represent a considerable consider shaping the ultimate championship standings and influencing driver and workforce methods. Analyzing stage factors alongside different race knowledge, equivalent to ending positions and qualifying speeds, offers a extra nuanced understanding of the aggressive panorama and the components contributing to success within the 2021 season. This built-in evaluation highlights the complicated interaction between stage efficiency, race technique, and total championship implications, providing worthwhile insights into the dynamics of contemporary NASCAR racing.

5. Lead Modifications

Lead modifications inside the 2021 Pocono races present worthwhile perception into the aggressive dynamics and strategic battles that unfolded. Analyzing the frequency and timing of those lead modifications reveals essential details about driver efficiency, workforce methods, and the impression of exterior components like monitor circumstances and warning durations. The variety of lead modifications can point out the extent of parity amongst opponents and the general depth of the race. Understanding these shifts in race management is essential for comprehending the ultimate outcomes and the context surrounding them.

  • Influence of Monitor Place

    Lead modifications at Pocono in 2021 highlighted the crucial significance of monitor place. The monitor’s distinctive triangular format, with its lengthy straightaways and sharp turns, presents distinct challenges for passing. Main the race usually allowed drivers to manage the tempo, handle tire put on, and optimize pit technique, in the end rising their likelihood of victory. Conversely, drivers battling for the lead confronted better challenges navigating via visitors, probably compromising tire life and rising the chance of incidents.

  • Strategic Implications

    The timing and frequency of lead modifications usually mirror the strategic selections made by groups. Pit technique performed a big position in figuring out who led at numerous factors within the races. A workforce choosing an alternate gasoline technique, probably gaining monitor place via fewer pit stops, may set off a lead change. Equally, the timing of warning durations influenced lead modifications, creating alternatives for drivers to realize or lose positions throughout pit stops beneath yellow flag circumstances.

  • Driver Efficiency

    Lead modifications present insights into particular person driver efficiency. A driver constantly difficult for the lead and executing profitable passes demonstrates sturdy automotive management and strategic decision-making. Conversely, a driver shedding the lead a number of occasions might point out struggles with automotive setup, tire administration, or adapting to altering monitor circumstances. Analyzing lead modifications alongside different efficiency metrics, like lap occasions and qualifying speeds, permits for a complete evaluation of driver talent and flexibility.

  • Affect of Exterior Components

    Exterior components, equivalent to climate circumstances and warning durations, additionally affect lead modifications. The rain-shortened nature of the primary 2021 Pocono race considerably impacted the ultimate lead change and end result, whereas the full-length second race supplied a special context for analyzing lead modifications. Understanding how these exterior components contributed to shifts in race management is important for deciphering the race outcomes precisely.

Analyzing lead modifications inside the context of the 2021 Pocono race outcomes affords worthwhile insights into the aggressive dynamics and strategic components that formed the outcomes. These shifts in race management mirror the complicated interaction between monitor place, driver talent, workforce methods, and the unpredictable affect of exterior components. Inspecting lead modifications alongside different efficiency knowledge offers a richer understanding of the races and their significance inside the 2021 NASCAR Cup Sequence season. This multifaceted evaluation permits for a extra nuanced interpretation of the ultimate outcomes and divulges the underlying components that contributed to success and failure at Pocono in 2021.

6. Tire Methods

Tire methods performed an important position in shaping the 2021 Pocono race outcomes. The monitor’s distinctive traits, together with its triangular format with lengthy straightaways and ranging banking angles within the turns, positioned vital calls for on tires. Understanding the tire methods employed by completely different groups is important for deciphering the race outcomes and the aggressive dynamics noticed.

  • Compound Choice

    Groups confronted essential selections relating to tire compound choice. Goodyear sometimes supplied a number of compound choices for Pocono, every providing a trade-off between grip and sturdiness. Softer compounds supplied extra grip, probably resulting in quicker lap occasions, however degraded extra shortly. More durable compounds provided better sturdiness however compromised final grip. The selection of tire compound usually trusted qualifying efficiency, anticipated race technique, and predicted climate circumstances. Profitable tire compound choice, aligning with the particular race circumstances, considerably impacted race outcomes.

  • Pit Cease Timing and Variety of Stops

    The timing and variety of pit stops represented crucial strategic selections immediately linked to tire administration. Groups weighed the advantages of shorter stints on more energizing tires in opposition to the time misplaced throughout pit stops. An aggressive technique involving extra frequent pit stops aimed to maximise efficiency with optimum grip, whereas a extra conservative method with fewer stops prioritized monitor place and gasoline conservation. The effectiveness of every technique trusted components like monitor circumstances, warning durations, and the efficiency of competing groups.

  • Tire Administration Throughout Stints

    Efficient tire administration throughout green-flag runs proved essential for maximizing efficiency and reaching desired race outcomes. Drivers wanted to stability pushing for velocity with conserving tire life, notably within the later levels of a stint. Overdriving the tires early in a run may result in vital efficiency degradation later, impacting lap occasions and probably compromising monitor place. Profitable tire administration required cautious modulation of throttle and braking inputs, adapting to altering monitor circumstances and tire put on all through the stint.

  • Influence of Climate and Monitor Situations

    Climate circumstances and monitor temperature considerably influenced tire efficiency and technique. Larger temperatures elevated tire put on, probably necessitating changes to deliberate pit methods. Rain, as seen within the first 2021 Pocono race, drastically altered tire methods and in the end decided the race end result. Groups wanted to adapt shortly to altering circumstances, adjusting tire pressures and probably switching to rain tires if vital. The power to successfully handle tire efficiency in various climate circumstances performed an important position in reaching profitable outcomes.

Analyzing tire methods within the context of the 2021 Pocono race outcomes reveals a posh interaction between tire compound choice, pit cease selections, in-race tire administration, and the impression of exterior components. These strategic decisions considerably influenced driver efficiency, monitor place battles, and the ultimate race outcomes. Understanding these tire methods is essential for gaining a complete understanding of the aggressive dynamics and the components that contributed to success and failure at Pocono in 2021. This intricate relationship between tire administration and race outcomes underscores the significance of strategic planning and flexibility in navigating the challenges of this distinctive monitor.

7. Climate circumstances

Climate circumstances considerably influenced the 2021 Pocono race outcomes, demonstrating the impression of exterior components on motorsport competitors. Pocono Raceway, located within the Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania, experiences variable climate patterns, together with potential for rain, fog, and fluctuating temperatures. These circumstances immediately impression monitor floor temperature, grip ranges, and total race methods. The primary Pocono race in 2021 offers a major instance of climate’s direct impression. Rain shortened the occasion, resulting in an atypical ending order and influencing championship level allocation. Alex Bowman’s victory, secured when the race was referred to as because of inclement climate, solidified the significance of adaptability and strategic decision-making in unpredictable circumstances. Had the race run its full distance, the end result might need differed considerably. This underscores how climate can dramatically reshape race narratives and outcomes.

Past rain, different climate components performed a task within the 2021 Pocono races. Monitor temperature fluctuations impacted tire efficiency and degradation charges, influencing pit methods and driver efficiency. Groups factored these circumstances into their pre-race calculations, adjusting tire compounds and pressures to optimize grip and sturdiness. As an example, cooler temperatures would possibly favor a softer tire compound for enhanced grip, whereas hotter circumstances would possibly necessitate a more durable compound to handle tire put on. These changes underscore the intricate relationship between climate, tire technique, and race outcomes. Analyzing lap occasions and tire put on patterns relative to temperature fluctuations offers worthwhile insights into the strategic diversifications groups employed all through the race weekends. Moreover, wind circumstances additionally contributed to the complexity of the races, influencing automotive dealing with and probably impacting gasoline mileage calculations. The power to adapt to various wind circumstances, notably on Pocono’s lengthy straightaways, differentiated driver efficiency and probably influenced the ultimate outcomes.

Understanding the affect of climate on the 2021 Pocono races offers an important perspective on the complexities of motorsport competitors. Climate introduces a component of unpredictability, requiring groups and drivers to adapt methods and make real-time selections based mostly on evolving circumstances. The primary races rain-shortened conclusion serves as a stark reminder of weathers potential to reshape race outcomes. Additional evaluation correlating climate knowledge with tire efficiency, pit methods, and driver suggestions would supply a deeper understanding of how climate formed the 2021 Pocono race outcomes. This understanding emphasizes the dynamic nature of motorsport, the place exterior components past the management of groups and drivers can considerably affect the ultimate end result, rewarding adaptability and strategic acumen.

8. Championship Implications

The 2021 Pocono race outcomes carried vital implications for the general NASCAR Cup Sequence Championship. Every race weekend contributed to the season-long accumulation of factors, influencing playoff eligibility and seeding. Analyzing the outcomes at Pocono inside the broader context of the championship offers insights into how these races formed the trajectory of the season and the ultimate standings.

  • Factors Accumulation

    The factors earned at Pocono, together with stage factors and race ending factors, immediately impacted driver standings within the championship. Sturdy performances at Pocono, equivalent to Alex Bowman’s win within the rain-shortened first race and Kyle Busch’s victory within the second, supplied substantial level positive factors, probably boosting a driver’s place within the standings and enhancing their prospects for playoff competition. Conversely, poor outcomes at Pocono may negatively impression a driver’s championship aspirations. The factors earned or misplaced at these races usually proved essential within the intently contested battle for playoff spots.

  • Playoff Eligibility and Seeding

    The 2021 Pocono races contributed to the cumulative factors whole figuring out playoff eligibility. Drivers constantly performing nicely all through the common season, together with sturdy finishes at Pocono, secured their place within the playoffs. Furthermore, the collected factors influenced playoff seeding, with larger level totals translating to a extra advantageous beginning place within the playoff rounds. The factors earned at Pocono, due to this fact, performed a direct position in shaping the playoff panorama and influencing drivers’ probabilities of advancing via the playoff rounds and contending for the championship.

  • Momentum and Psychological Influence

    Success at Pocono may generate optimistic momentum for drivers and groups heading into subsequent races. A robust efficiency, whether or not a win or constant top-five end, may increase workforce morale and confidence, probably resulting in improved efficiency in future races. Conversely, struggles at Pocono would possibly create a psychological setback, requiring groups to regroup and handle efficiency points to keep away from adverse momentum affecting their total championship marketing campaign.

  • Influence on Producer Championship

    The 2021 Pocono race outcomes additionally impacted the producer championship standings. Factors earned by drivers representing every producer (Chevrolet, Ford, Toyota) collected all through the season, contributing to the general producer championship. Sturdy performances by Chevrolet drivers at Pocono, for instance, contributed to Chevrolet’s whole factors, influencing their place within the producer championship. This competitors added one other layer of complexity to the championship narrative, with producers vying for the title alongside particular person drivers.

Analyzing the 2021 Pocono race outcomes via the lens of championship implications reveals the numerous impression these races had on the general NASCAR Cup Sequence season. The factors earned, playoff implications, momentum shifts, and producer championship battles all intertwined, demonstrating the multifaceted affect of Pocono inside the broader context of the 2021 championship. These races supplied an important proving floor for drivers and groups, shaping the narrative of the season and in the end influencing the ultimate end result of the championship chase.

Incessantly Requested Questions

This FAQ part addresses frequent inquiries relating to the 2021 NASCAR Cup Sequence races held at Pocono Raceway. Understanding these key facets offers a extra complete view of the occasions and their significance inside the 2021 season.

Query 1: Who received the 2021 Pocono races?

Alex Bowman received the primary race, shortened by rain, and Kyle Busch received the second race.

Query 2: How did the rain impression the primary Pocono race in 2021?

The rain shortened the race distance, in the end figuring out the ultimate ending order and influencing the allocation of championship factors. Alex Bowman was declared the winner based mostly on his main place when the race was referred to as.

Query 3: What position did tire technique play within the 2021 Pocono races?

Tire technique proved essential because of Pocono’s distinctive monitor format and the calls for positioned on tires. Groups made strategic selections relating to tire compound choice, the variety of pit stops, and tire administration throughout green-flag runs, all of which influenced race outcomes.

Query 4: How did the 2021 Pocono races have an effect on the championship standings?

The factors awarded at Pocono, together with stage factors and race ending factors, immediately impacted the championship standings, influencing playoff eligibility and seeding for drivers.

Query 5: Had been there any vital incidents throughout the 2021 Pocono races?

Whereas particular incidents different between the 2 races, incidents involving contact between vehicles, on-track spins, and different unexpected occasions influenced race outcomes and impacted particular person driver performances.

Query 6: The place can one discover official race knowledge and statistics for the 2021 Pocono races?

Official race knowledge and statistics, together with lap occasions, pit cease particulars, and detailed ending orders, might be discovered on the NASCAR official web site and respected motorsport information shops.

Understanding these steadily requested questions affords additional clarification relating to the 2021 Pocono race outcomes and their broader context inside the NASCAR Cup Sequence season. This info clarifies potential misconceptions and offers a deeper understanding of the complexities concerned in analyzing race outcomes.

Additional evaluation of the 2021 Pocono races may examine particular driver performances, delve deeper into workforce methods, and discover the long-term implications of those outcomes on the 2021 championship end result.

Ideas Derived from Analyzing 2021 Pocono Race Outcomes

Cautious examination of the 2021 Pocono race outcomes affords worthwhile insights for drivers, groups, and analysts looking for to enhance efficiency at this distinctive monitor. The next ideas, derived from analyzing race knowledge and outcomes, present strategic steerage for future races at Pocono Raceway.

Tip 1: Qualifying Efficiency is Essential: Securing a robust beginning place is paramount at Pocono. The monitor’s format makes passing troublesome, emphasizing the significance of qualifying velocity. Beginning close to the entrance minimizes early-race visitors and permits for higher monitor place administration.

Tip 2: Tire Administration is Key: Pocono’s triangular configuration and lengthy straightaways place vital calls for on tires. Efficient tire administration, balancing velocity with conservation, is important for sustaining efficiency all through the race. Knowledge from 2021 reveals how tire put on impacted late-race efficiency.

Tip 3: Stage Factors Matter: Accumulating stage factors considerably contributes to total championship standings. Constant efficiency inside every stage, even with out profitable the race, can yield worthwhile factors. The 2021 outcomes show the strategic significance of stage level accumulation.

Tip 4: Adapt to Climate Situations: Pocono’s location makes it vulnerable to variable climate. Groups should put together for fluctuating temperatures, potential rain, and altering monitor circumstances. The rain-shortened race in 2021 highlights the necessity for adaptability and contingency plans.

Tip 5: Pit Technique Optimization: Environment friendly pit stops and optimized pit technique are important at Pocono. Balancing monitor place in opposition to the necessity for recent tires requires cautious calculation and adaptation to race circumstances. Analyzing 2021 pit cease knowledge can reveal profitable methods.

Tip 6: Monitor Place is Paramount: Passing at Pocono presents vital challenges. Sustaining monitor place, notably after restarts and pit stops, is crucial. The 2021 race outcomes show how monitor place usually dictated the ultimate end result.

Tip 7: Aerodynamics and Downforce: Understanding the aerodynamic traits of Pocono and optimizing downforce ranges are important for maximizing velocity and dealing with. Analyzing 2021 automotive setups and efficiency knowledge can inform future aerodynamic methods.

By contemplating the following pointers, derived from analyzing the 2021 Pocono race outcomes, drivers and groups can improve their strategic method, enhance on-track efficiency, and improve their probabilities of success at this demanding and distinctive monitor. These insights supply worthwhile classes for navigating the challenges of Pocono and maximizing aggressive benefit.

The following pointers, derived from meticulous evaluation, supply a sensible information for future competitors at Pocono Raceway. The concluding part will synthesize these insights, emphasizing the important thing components that contribute to success at this difficult monitor.

Conclusion

Evaluation of the 2021 Pocono race outcomes reveals key efficiency components at this distinctive monitor. Qualifying velocity, tire administration, strategic pit stops, and flexibility to climate circumstances considerably influenced race outcomes. Alex Bowman’s rain-shortened victory within the first race and Kyle Busch’s triumph within the second spotlight the significance of strategic flexibility and constant efficiency. Inspecting stage factors, lead modifications, and tire methods offers additional understanding of the aggressive dynamics at Pocono. These outcomes underscore the significance of monitor place, given the problem of passing, and the necessity for environment friendly pit operations to reduce time misplaced on pit street. The info from 2021 serves as a worthwhile useful resource for groups and drivers looking for to enhance efficiency at this difficult circuit.

The 2021 Pocono races supply worthwhile classes for future competitors at this monitor. Understanding the interaction between qualifying efficiency, tire technique, and flexibility to altering circumstances is essential for achievement. Continued evaluation of previous race knowledge, mixed with ongoing technological developments and evolving workforce methods, will additional refine approaches to racing at Pocono. The insights gleaned from 2021 present a basis for enhanced efficiency and strategic decision-making, contributing to the continued evolution of NASCAR competitors at this distinctive and demanding monitor.