The outcomes of collegiate basketball video games between Duke College and the College of North Carolina at Chapel Hill signify a major aspect of each universities’ athletic histories. These contests are characterised by intense rivalry, passionate fan bases, and implications for convention standings and nationwide rankings. A typical entry documenting a sport’s consequence would possibly embody the ultimate rating, date of competitors, key participant statistics, and a short abstract of the sport’s circulate.
These video games maintain substantial significance for a number of causes. The rivalry between the 2 establishments is deeply rooted and traditionally important, producing appreciable media consideration and boosting the profile of each packages. Past bragging rights, the outcomes of those video games can have important results on convention championships, NCAA event seeding, and total program status. Learning the historic file of those matchups presents worthwhile insights into the evolving dynamics of faculty basketball, teaching methods, and participant improvement inside these two prestigious packages.
Additional exploration of this subject would possibly embody an evaluation of head-to-head data, notable particular person performances all through the rivalry’s historical past, the influence of particular video games on nationwide rankings, and the evolution of enjoying kinds over time.
1. Head-to-head Information
Head-to-head data signify an important part when analyzing the Duke-UNC basketball rivalry. They provide a quantifiable measure of every program’s success in opposition to the opposite over an prolonged interval, offering worthwhile context for understanding the rivalry’s total trajectory. A dominant head-to-head file can signify a program’s sustained superiority throughout a particular period, influencing perceptions of program energy and historic dominance. For instance, a interval of constant victories for Duke would possibly counsel a strategic benefit or a superior recruitment pipeline throughout that time-frame. Conversely, a balanced head-to-head file can point out a extra aggressive and fluctuating rivalry, the place momentum shifts between the 2 packages. Understanding these historic tendencies permits for a deeper appreciation of the rivalry’s nuances.
The sensible significance of analyzing head-to-head data lies in its skill to tell future predictions and assessments of program energy. Whereas particular person sport outcomes provide snapshots of present group efficiency, head-to-head data present a broader perspective. This historic information can be utilized to contextualize present group efficiency, determine potential future tendencies, and gauge the influence of teaching adjustments or participant improvement inside every program. For example, a group with a traditionally poor file in opposition to its rival could also be considered as an underdog regardless of sturdy latest performances, highlighting the psychological and strategic implications of historic tendencies.
In abstract, head-to-head data provide a significant historic lens via which to research the Duke-UNC basketball rivalry. They supply a quantifiable metric of long-term success, contextualize present efficiency inside broader historic tendencies, and provide insights into the cyclical nature of aggressive stability between these two distinguished packages. Analyzing this historic information is essential for appreciating the complicated interaction of things that contribute to the enduring fascination with this rivalry.
2. Profitable Streaks
Profitable streaks throughout the Duke-UNC basketball rivalry signify extra than simply consecutive victories; they embody intervals of dominance and infrequently mirror underlying shifts in program energy, teaching efficacy, and participant improvement. These streaks exert a major affect on the general narrative of the rivalry, shaping perceptions of every program’s historic standing and contributing to the psychological stress surrounding every sport. A protracted profitable streak by both Duke or UNC can generate substantial media consideration, amplify fan enthusiasm, and create a way of momentum that may be troublesome for the opposing group to beat. For example, Duke’s dominance within the early Nineteen Nineties, punctuated by a number of profitable streaks in opposition to UNC, cemented their standing as a nationwide powerhouse and added one other layer of depth to the rivalry. Equally, UNC’s successes beneath Dean Smith included notable streaks in opposition to Duke, additional solidifying the historic significance of this competitors.
Analyzing profitable streaks throughout the Duke-UNC rivalry supplies worthwhile insights into the components contributing to sustained success in faculty basketball. These streaks will be examined within the context of teaching adjustments, roster turnover, and the emergence of star gamers. For instance, the arrival of a extremely touted recruit or the implementation of a brand new offensive technique would possibly coincide with the start of a profitable streak. Conversely, the commencement of key gamers or a interval of teaching instability may mark the tip of a dominant run. By learning these tendencies, one can acquire a deeper understanding of the dynamic interaction between particular person expertise, teaching technique, and group chemistry. The 1998-2001 interval noticed Duke win eight straight, reflecting their expertise and training prowess throughout that period. Conversely, UNC’s six straight wins between 2007-09 demonstrated their resurgence beneath Roy Williams.
In conclusion, profitable streaks are a significant part of the Duke-UNC basketball rivalry, providing a tangible illustration of program momentum and reflecting underlying adjustments in group dynamics. Learning these streaks supplies worthwhile context for understanding the historic trajectory of the rivalry, the components contributing to sustained success, and the psychological influence of momentum on each gamers and followers. They provide a compelling narrative thread throughout the bigger story of certainly one of faculty basketball’s most storied rivalries.
3. Level Differentials
Level differentials in Duke vs. UNC basketball video games present an important layer of study past easy win-loss data. They provide a quantifiable measure of the competitiveness of every contest, revealing the dominance of 1 group over the opposite in particular matchups. Inspecting level differentials over time can illuminate tendencies in program energy, spotlight the influence of teaching methods, and supply context for understanding the evolution of the rivalry.
-
Blowouts vs. Nail-biters
A big level differential suggests a dominant efficiency by the profitable group, sometimes called a “blowout.” These video games can sign a major hole in expertise, teaching, or preparation. Conversely, a slim level differential signifies a carefully contested sport, a “nail-biter,” usually determined within the ultimate minutes or seconds. These video games can spotlight the unpredictable nature of rivalry matchups and the significance of clutch performances. For instance, Duke’s 20-point victory over UNC in 2001 showcased their dominance that season, whereas UNC’s slim two-point win in 2019 demonstrated the rivalry’s unpredictable nature.
-
Common Level Differential Over Time
Analyzing the common level differential throughout a number of video games or seasons presents a broader perspective on the aggressive stability between the 2 packages. A persistently giant common level differential in favor of 1 group suggests a interval of sustained dominance, whereas a smaller common differential signifies a extra evenly matched rivalry. Monitoring these adjustments over time can reveal shifts in program energy and provide insights into the influence of teaching adjustments or participant improvement. For instance, an growing common level differential for Duke may counsel bettering program energy in comparison with UNC.
-
Level Differential in Relation to House-Court docket Benefit
Evaluating level differentials in residence versus away video games supplies worthwhile perception into the influence of venue and crowd help. A bigger common level differential at residence suggests a major home-court benefit, whereas a smaller differential or perhaps a drawback on the street highlights the challenges of enjoying in a hostile surroundings. This evaluation can reveal how successfully groups leverage home-court benefit and the way they adapt to the pressures of enjoying on the street.
-
Correlation with Nationwide Rankings
Inspecting level differentials alongside nationwide rankings can reveal the connection between efficiency in these rivalry video games and total program success. Massive level differentials in opposition to a extremely ranked opponent would possibly point out a group’s potential for nationwide championship rivalry. Conversely, struggling in opposition to a lower-ranked rival, even in a victory, would possibly counsel underlying weaknesses that would hinder postseason success. For example, a big level differential in opposition to a top-10 ranked UNC group may counsel Duke’s potential for a deep event run.
In conclusion, level differentials provide a nuanced understanding of the Duke-UNC basketball rivalry, going past easy win-loss data to disclose the aggressive dynamics of every matchup. By analyzing level differentials in numerous contexts, one can acquire a deeper appreciation for the components that contribute to success on this historic rivalry, the influence of teaching methods, the affect of home-court benefit, and the connection between these video games and total program efficiency on the nationwide stage.
4. Match Implications
The outcomes of Duke vs. UNC basketball video games carry important weight concerning postseason event implications, affecting seeding, convention event championships, and in the end, NCAA Match choice and efficiency. These video games, usually occurring late within the common season, can considerably affect a group’s momentum getting into these essential tournaments. A powerful efficiency, particularly a victory, can increase group confidence and enhance event seeding. Conversely, a loss, notably a decisive one, can harm group morale and doubtlessly decrease seeding, resulting in tougher matchups in subsequent tournaments. For instance, Duke’s victory over UNC within the 2001 ACC Match ultimate propelled them to a nationwide championship, whereas UNC’s loss to Duke within the 2009 ACC Match semifinals doubtless contributed to their early exit from the NCAA Match.
The rivalry’s influence on convention event championships is plain. Each Duke and UNC continuously contend for the ACC title, and their head-to-head matchups usually decide the event champion. These video games maintain added significance as they supply an computerized bid to the NCAA Match. A win within the ACC Match can considerably enhance a group’s total seeding within the NCAA Match, resulting in a doubtlessly simpler path to the Last 4. Conversely, a loss can power a group to depend on an at-large bid, doubtlessly with a decrease seed and more durable competitors. Moreover, the depth of those rivalry video games can function worthwhile preparation for the high-pressure surroundings of the NCAA Match. The expertise of performing beneath stress in opposition to a fierce rival can metal a group for the challenges of March Insanity.
In abstract, the outcomes of Duke vs. UNC basketball video games maintain substantial implications for each the ACC and NCAA Tournaments. These video games affect seeding, contribute to convention event championships, and form the general narrative of every group’s season. The rivalry’s depth supplies essential preparation for the high-stakes surroundings of postseason play, making these matchups important elements in figuring out every program’s final success. Understanding the connection between these common season video games and postseason outcomes is essential for appreciating the complete significance of this historic rivalry throughout the broader panorama of faculty basketball.
5. Venue Impression (House/Away)
House-court benefit performs an important function within the outcomes of Duke vs. UNC basketball video games, including one other layer of complexity to this intense rivalry. The charged ambiance of a house crowd, coupled with familiarity with the court docket and environment, can considerably affect participant efficiency and sport outcomes. Analyzing the influence of venue supplies worthwhile insights into the psychological and strategic dimensions of this rivalry.
-
Crowd Affect
The passionate and partisan crowds at Cameron Indoor Stadium (Duke) and the Dean E. Smith Middle (UNC) create an electrical ambiance that may uplift the house group and intimidate the guests. The roar of the group throughout essential moments can energize gamers and disrupt the opponent’s focus, doubtlessly influencing the result of shut video games. The “Cameron Crazies” at Duke are notably famend for his or her inventive and relentless cheering, usually cited as a major consider Duke’s residence success. Equally, the passionate UNC fanbase creates a formidable surroundings for visiting groups.
-
Familiarity and Consolation
Taking part in on their residence court docket supplies groups with a way of familiarity and luxury, permitting them to execute their sport plans extra successfully. Data of the court docket’s dimensions, lighting, and acoustics can provide delicate benefits, notably in fast-paced conditions. This familiarity can lengthen to pre-game routines and entry to most well-liked coaching amenities, contributing to a way of normalcy and preparedness.
-
Journey and Relaxation
The comparatively brief distance between the 2 universities minimizes the influence of journey, however even minor journey disruptions can have an effect on participant efficiency. The visiting group should cope with logistical challenges, potential delays, and the disruption of their common routines. Whereas the influence could also be much less pronounced than for groups touring longer distances, these components can nonetheless contribute to fatigue and doubtlessly affect sport outcomes.
-
Referee Bias (Perceived or Precise)
Whereas referees try for impartiality, the affect of a passionate residence crowd can typically result in perceived or precise biases in officiating. Shut calls might go in favor of the house group as a result of stress exerted by the group, even subconsciously. This issue, whereas troublesome to quantify, can contribute to the house group’s benefit, particularly in tightly contested video games. Analyzing sport statistics, similar to foul calls and free throw makes an attempt, can make clear potential officiating discrepancies between residence and away video games.
In abstract, venue considerably impacts Duke vs. UNC basketball outcomes. The mixture of crowd affect, familiarity, journey issues, and potential officiating biases contributes to a demonstrable home-court benefit. Analyzing these components supplies a richer understanding of the complexities of this rivalry, highlighting the interaction between athletic efficiency, psychological components, and the distinctive dynamics of every group’s residence surroundings. Understanding these venue-related influences provides one other layer of depth to appreciating the nuances of this historic rivalry.
6. Particular person Sport Statistics
Particular person sport statistics present a granular perspective on the components contributing to the outcomes of Duke vs. UNC basketball video games. Analyzing these statistics presents worthwhile insights into participant efficiency, teaching methods, and the circulate of every contest, enriching the understanding of this historic rivalry past the ultimate rating.
-
Scoring
Factors scored, together with discipline objectives, three-pointers, and free throws, are basic to basketball. Inspecting particular person scoring performances inside Duke vs. UNC video games reveals key contributors to victory and identifies gamers who rise to the event on this high-pressure rivalry. For example, Zion Williamson’s dominant scoring performances for Duke in 2019 highlighted his influence on the rivalry. Conversely, Tyler Hansbrough’s constant scoring for UNC throughout his profession demonstrates the significance of dependable scoring in these matchups.
-
Rebounding
Rebounding, each offensive and defensive, performs a important function in controlling possession and producing second-chance scoring alternatives. Particular person rebounding statistics reveal gamers who excel at securing the ball and contribute to their group’s success on the boards. For instance, evaluating the rebounding numbers of Duke’s Wendell Carter Jr. and UNC’s Armando Bacot of their head-to-head matchups illustrates the significance of rebounding battles in deciding sport outcomes. Dominance on this space can considerably affect discipline place and tempo.
-
Assists and Turnovers
Assists mirror efficient ball motion and group play, whereas turnovers signify misplaced possessions and potential scoring alternatives for the opponent. Analyzing particular person help and turnover ratios inside Duke vs. UNC video games presents insights into the effectiveness of offensive methods and the flexibility of gamers to guard the ball beneath stress. Excessive help numbers from gamers like Duke’s Tre Jones usually correlate with group success, whereas minimizing turnovers, as exemplified by UNC’s Marcus Paige, is essential in these carefully contested matchups.
-
Defensive Statistics
Steals, blocks, and defensive rebounds contribute considerably to disrupting the opponent’s offense and creating fast-break alternatives. Particular person defensive statistics in Duke vs. UNC video games spotlight gamers who excel at defensive stress and contribute to their group’s defensive id. Shane Battier’s defensive prowess for Duke, exemplified by steals and blocks, usually disrupted UNC’s offensive circulate. Equally, Garrison Brooks’ defensive contributions for UNC illustrate the significance of sturdy particular person protection in these high-stakes video games.
By analyzing these particular person sport statistics throughout the context of Duke vs. UNC matchups, a richer understanding of the rivalry emerges. These information factors present particular examples of participant influence, spotlight the effectiveness of teaching methods, and provide a deeper appreciation for the multifaceted nature of this historic competitors. The interaction of scoring, rebounding, assists, turnovers, and defensive statistics in the end shapes the narrative of every sport and contributes to the enduring legacy of this rivalry.
7. Teaching Methods Employed
Teaching methods play a pivotal function in figuring out the outcomes of Duke vs. UNC basketball video games. The tactical selections made by coaches, each in preparation for and in the course of the sport, considerably affect participant efficiency, group chemistry, and in the end, the ultimate consequence. Analyzing these methods supplies worthwhile insights into the mental battle between teaching staffs and the evolution of basketball techniques throughout the context of this historic rivalry.
-
Offensive Schemes
Offensive methods employed by Duke and UNC coaches usually mirror differing philosophies and adapt to the strengths and weaknesses of their respective rosters. Duke, beneath Mike Krzyzewski, continuously utilized a movement offense emphasizing ball motion, participant spacing, and high-percentage photographs. UNC, beneath Dean Smith and later Roy Williams, usually employed a fast-paced, transition-oriented offense emphasizing early offense and fast ball motion. These contrasting approaches create a dynamic interaction on the court docket, with every group looking for to take advantage of the opposite’s defensive vulnerabilities. For instance, Duke’s success in opposition to UNC’s zone protection within the 2015 ACC Match showcased the effectiveness of their offensive scheme.
-
Defensive Methods
Defensive methods are equally essential in figuring out the outcomes of those video games. Duke, identified for its sturdy defensive custom, usually employed man-to-man protection emphasizing particular person matchups and aggressive on-ball stress. UNC, whereas additionally prioritizing protection, continuously utilized a mixture of man-to-man and zone defenses relying on the opponent’s strengths. The effectiveness of those defensive methods usually hinges on the flexibility to restrict the opposing group’s key gamers and management the tempo of the sport. For example, UNC’s profitable implementation of a zone protection in opposition to Duke within the 2017 common season assembly disrupted Duke’s offensive rhythm and contributed to their victory.
-
In-Sport Changes
The flexibility to make efficient in-game changes is a trademark of profitable teaching in high-pressure rivalry video games. Coaches should analyze the circulate of the sport, determine opponent tendencies, and adapt their methods accordingly. These changes can vary from altering defensive assignments to altering offensive units to exploiting mismatches. A well-timed timeout and strategic adjustment can shift momentum and considerably affect the result of an in depth sport. For instance, Coach Ok’s determination to modify to a zone protection within the second half of an in depth sport in opposition to UNC in 2016 disrupted UNC’s offense and led to a Duke victory.
-
Participant Growth and Motivation
Past X’s and O’s, teaching methods additionally embody participant improvement and motivation. The flexibility to domesticate participant expertise, instill confidence, and foster a robust group tradition considerably impacts efficiency on the court docket. Coaches who successfully encourage their gamers and create a optimistic group surroundings usually obtain larger success in rivalry video games. The management of coaches like Dean Smith in fostering a robust group tradition at UNC persistently translated to success in opposition to Duke, demonstrating the significance of this usually ignored facet of teaching technique.
In conclusion, teaching methods employed in Duke vs. UNC basketball video games signify a fancy interaction of offensive and defensive schemes, in-game changes, and participant improvement. Analyzing these methods reveals the tactical depth of this historic rivalry and supplies worthwhile insights into the components contributing to success on the court docket. The evolution of teaching philosophies and the variation of methods to counter opposing techniques contribute to the continuing fascination with this compelling competitors.
8. Nationwide Rating Affect
Nationwide rankings and the outcomes of Duke vs. UNC basketball video games are inextricably linked, with every influencing the opposite in a dynamic interaction. These video games, usually that includes two extremely ranked groups, maintain important weight within the nationwide polls. A victory in opposition to a extremely ranked rival can increase a group’s personal rating, solidifying its place among the many nation’s elite packages. Conversely, a loss, particularly a decisive one, can harm a group’s rating and doubtlessly have an effect on its NCAA Match seeding. For instance, Duke’s victory over #3 ranked UNC in 2014 strengthened Duke’s declare to a #1 seed within the NCAA event. Conversely, UNC’s upset loss to unranked Duke in 2007 negatively impacted UNC’s rating and doubtlessly affected their event seeding.
The significance of nationwide rating affect extends past mere bragging rights. Excessive rankings contribute to program status, entice prime recruits, and generate elevated media consideration and fan curiosity. The Duke-UNC rivalry, usually that includes two nationally ranked groups, advantages from this heightened publicity, additional amplifying its significance throughout the faculty basketball panorama. Rankings additionally affect perceptions of program energy, affecting pre-game expectations and post-game evaluation. A extremely ranked group getting into a sport in opposition to a lower-ranked opponent faces elevated stress to carry out, whereas an upset victory by the lower-ranked group can generate important nationwide buzz. The 1989 sport the place unranked UNC upset #1 Duke exemplifies this, immediately changing into a memorable second within the rivalry.
In abstract, nationwide rankings are integral to understanding the context and implications of Duke vs. UNC basketball outcomes. These video games considerably affect rankings, which in flip have an effect on program status, recruiting, media consideration, and total perceptions of group energy. The cyclical relationship between rankings and sport outcomes contributes to the enduring fascination with this rivalry, including one other layer of complexity and significance to every contest. Recognizing this interaction supplies a deeper appreciation for the excessive stakes concerned in these video games and their influence on the broader panorama of faculty basketball.
Often Requested Questions
This FAQ part addresses widespread inquiries concerning the historic outcomes of Duke vs. UNC basketball video games, providing readability and context for understanding this intense rivalry.
Query 1: The place can one discover complete historic information on Duke vs. UNC basketball outcomes?
A number of respected sources provide complete historic information, together with official college athletic web sites, devoted sports activities statistics web sites similar to ESPN and Sports activities-Reference, and numerous media archives.
Query 2: How have the outcomes of those video games influenced the general notion of every program’s historic success?
Constant success in opposition to the rival program considerably enhances a program’s nationwide status and historic standing inside faculty basketball. Intervals of dominance within the rivalry usually coincide with intervals of nationwide prominence.
Query 3: Past wins and losses, what different statistical measures provide worthwhile insights into the rivalry?
Level differentials, particular person participant statistics (scoring, rebounds, assists), capturing percentages, and turnover margins present deeper context concerning the character of every sport and total tendencies throughout the rivalry.
Query 4: How has the home-court benefit impacted the outcomes of those video games traditionally?
Each Cameron Indoor Stadium (Duke) and the Dean E. Smith Middle (UNC) are identified for his or her intense atmospheres, offering a demonstrable home-court benefit that has statistically influenced sport outcomes.
Query 5: What function do these video games play in figuring out convention and nationwide championship rivalry?
These video games usually maintain important implications for convention event seeding and NCAA Match choice. A powerful efficiency in opposition to a rival can increase a group’s nationwide rating and enhance its possibilities of postseason success.
Query 6: How does an understanding of historic outcomes improve one’s appreciation of the present rivalry?
Historic context supplies a deeper understanding of the cyclical nature of the rivalry, the importance of profitable streaks, and the affect of key gamers and coaches on the general narrative.
This FAQ part presents a place to begin for additional exploration of the Duke vs. UNC basketball rivalry, encouraging a deeper understanding of the components which have formed this historic competitors.
Additional analysis into particular eras, gamers, and coaches will present a fair richer appreciation for the nuances and complexities of this enduring rivalry.
Suggestions for Analyzing Duke vs. UNC Basketball Outcomes
Analyzing historic basketball outcomes between Duke and the College of North Carolina requires a multifaceted strategy. The following pointers provide steerage for successfully decoding the info and gaining deeper insights into this storied rivalry.
Tip 1: Contemplate the Period.
Basketball evolves. Offensive and defensive methods, participant skillsets, and even guidelines change over time. Evaluating outcomes throughout totally different many years requires acknowledging these shifts. The dominance of facilities within the Nineteen Eighties differs considerably from the guard-oriented play of the 2010s. Context is essential.
Tip 2: Look at Teaching Matchups.
The legendary teaching matchup of Mike Krzyzewski versus Dean Smith formed the rivalry for many years. Analyzing outcomes inside particular teaching eras supplies insights into the influence of teaching philosophies and strategic changes on sport outcomes.
Tip 3: Account for Roster Turnover.
School basketball rosters change yearly. The influence of graduating seniors, incoming freshmen, and transfers have to be thought-about when analyzing year-to-year outcomes. A group’s efficiency can fluctuate dramatically based mostly on roster composition.
Tip 4: Look Past Win/Loss Information.
Level differentials, particular person participant statistics, and group capturing percentages provide a extra granular understanding of sport dynamics. A slim victory in opposition to a weaker opponent would possibly reveal underlying vulnerabilities, whereas an in depth loss to a stronger group may point out potential for future success.
Tip 5: Acknowledge House-Court docket Benefit.
Each Duke and UNC possess important home-court benefits. Analyzing outcomes ought to account for the influence of venue and crowd help. Efficiency discrepancies between residence and away video games are sometimes important.
Tip 6: Contemplate Match Implications.
Video games performed late within the season carry larger weight attributable to their influence on convention and NCAA event seeding. The stress of those video games can affect efficiency and outcomes.
Tip 7: Make the most of A number of Knowledge Sources.
Seek the advice of official group statistics, respected sports activities information web sites, and historic archives to achieve a complete understanding. Cross-referencing information ensures accuracy and completeness.
By using the following pointers, evaluation of Duke vs. UNC basketball outcomes yields extra nuanced insights into the rivalry’s evolution, the components contributing to every group’s success, and the enduring legacy of this historic competitors.
The insights gained via cautious evaluation present a basis for understanding the complexities of this rivalry and anticipating future tendencies.
Conclusion
Examination of Duke vs. UNC basketball outcomes reveals a fancy interaction of things influencing this historic rivalry. From particular person participant performances and training methods to the influence of venue and nationwide rankings, every aspect contributes to the narrative. Statistical evaluation, mixed with historic context, supplies a richer understanding of the ebb and circulate of aggressive stability between these two packages. Profitable streaks, level differentials, and event implications underscore the excessive stakes of every contest, whereas an understanding of teaching philosophies and participant improvement provides depth to the evaluation. The info, spanning many years of competitors, illuminates the enduring significance of this rivalry throughout the broader panorama of faculty basketball.
The rivalry’s future stays an open query, with evolving rosters, teaching adjustments, and shifting nationwide landscapes promising new chapters on this ongoing saga. Continued evaluation of future outcomes will additional illuminate the dynamics of this compelling competitors, providing worthwhile insights into the enduring energy of athletic rivalry and its influence on gamers, packages, and the passionate fan bases that gas its depth. The historic file serves as a basis for understanding the current and anticipating the longer term evolution of this iconic rivalry.
